Minimum transmissivity and optimal well spacing and flow rate for high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage
نویسندگان
چکیده
Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) is a time-shifting technology where waste heat stored in an aquifer for weeks or months until it may be used at the surface. It can reduce carbon emissions and HVAC costs. Low-temperature (<25 °C) (LT-ATES) already widely-deployed central northern Europe, there renewed interest high-temperature (>50 (HT-ATES). However, unclear if LT-ATES guidelines well spacing, reservoir depth, transmissivity will apply to HT-ATES. We develop thermo-hydro-mechanical-economic (THM$) analytical framework balance three reservoir-engineering economic constraints HT-ATES doublet connected district heating network. find optimal spacing flow rate are defined by “reservoir constraints” shallow depth low permeability “economic great high permeability. 1.8 times radius. that levelized cost of minimized intermediate depth. The minimum economically-viable (MEVT) below which sure economically unattractive. MEVT relatively insensitive thickness, faulting regime. Therefore, approximated as 5?10?13 m3. useful pre-assessment facilitate global estimates potential.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Applied Energy
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0306-2619', '1872-9118']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116658